Certain complications exist with the treatment of infertility. These include:
- Multiple Pregnancies: The most common complication of ART is multiple pregnancies. The number of quality embryos kept and matured to fetuses and birth ultimately is a decision made by the couple. If too many babies are conceived, the removal of one or more fetuses (multi-fetal pregnancy reduction) is possible to improve survival odds for the other fetuses.
- Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS): If over stimulated, a woman's ovaries may enlarge and cause pain and bloating. Mild to moderate symptoms often resolve without treatment, although pregnancy may delay recovery. Rarely, fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity and chest, causing abdominal swelling and shortness of breath. This accumulation of fluid can deplete blood volume and lower blood pressure. Severe cases require emergency treatment. Younger women and those who have polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher risk of developing OHSS than do other women.
- Bleeding or infection: As with any invasive procedure, there is a risk of bleeding or infection with assisted reproductive technology.
- Low birth weight: The greatest risk factor for low birth weight is a multiple pregnancy. In single live births, there may be a greater chance of low birth weight associated with ART.
- Birth defects: There is some concern about the possible relationship between ART and birth defects. More research is necessary to confirm this possible connection. Weigh this factor if you're considering whether to take advantage of this treatment. ART is the most successful fertility-enhancing therapy to date.
